Senin, 30 Maret 2015
Computer-Assisted
Language Learning:
An Introduction
An Introduction
Computers have become so
widespread in schools and homes. This article provides brief overview of
how computers have been used and are being used for language teaching. The
first phase of CALL, conceived in the 1950s and implemented in the 1960s and
‘70s, was based on the the dominant behaviorist theories of learning. In the late 1970s and
early 1980s, behavioristic CALL was undermined by two important factors. First,
behavioristic approaches to language learning had been rejected at both the
theoretical and the pedagogical level. Secondly, the introduction of the
microcomputer allowed a whole new range of possibilities. The stage was set for
a new phase of CALL.
The second phase of CALL
was based on the communicative approach to teaching which became prominent in
the 1970s and 80s. Proponents of this approach felt that the drill and practice
programs of the previous decade of this approach felt that the drill and
practice programs of the previous decade didn’t allow enough authentic
communication to be of much value.
Integrative approaches to
CALL are based on two important technological developments of the last decade.
Mutimedia technology allows a variety of media to be accessed on a single
machine. What makes multimedia even more powerful is that it also entails hypermedia. That means that the
multimedia resouces are all linked together and that learners can navigate
their own path simply by pointing and clicking a mouse.
The history of CALL
suggested that the computer can serve a variety of uses for language teaching.
It can be a tutor which offers language drills or skill practice; a stimulus
for discussion and interaction; or a tool for writing and research. With the
advent of the internet, it can also be a medium of global communication and a
source of limitless authentic matrials.
As with the audio
language lab "revolution" of 40 years ago, those who expect to get
magnificent results simply from the purchase of expensive and elaborate systems
will likely be disappointed. But those who put computer technology to use in
the service of good pedagogy will undoubtedly find ways to enrich their
educational program and the learning opportunities of their students.
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Minggu, 22 Maret 2015
Second Summary
ICT is the
information and communication technologies. “ICT in Education” means “teaching
and learning with ICT. Educational ICT tools is divided into 3 categories, they
are input source (visualiser, student response system, PC, application
software, tablet), Output Source (projector, display, interactive whiteboard),
Other (digital camera, digital recorder). ICT tools also have advantages
for education, such as, images can easily be used in teaching and improving the
retentive memory of students, teachers can easily explain complex instructions
and ensure students' comprehension, teachers are able to create interactive
classes and make the lessons more enjoyable. The other hand, it also have
disadvantages, such as, setting up the devices can be very troublesome, too
expensive to afford, hard for teachers to use with a lack of expensive using
ICT tools.
The Internet is not widely available in most LDCs, such
as radio and television have a much greater penetration than the Internet
throughout much of the developing world, and the substantial gap is not
expected to be closed soon. Radio instruction in formal education has been well
studied, especially the links between the use of radio in combination with
school-based educational resources and a variety of pedagogical practices.
Television has been utilized successfully as a mechanism for reaching
out-of-school youth in a number of countries, especially in Latin America and
China, and the results of such projects have been widely disseminated.
The example of online
tools you can use straight away, without needing to raise a purchase order or
barter for budget allocation. Wallwisher, allows users to build virtual
classroom Walls, in the sense you might be familiar with from Facebook, onto
which 160-character messages, web links, images, videos and audio may be
posted. Prezi, provides users with a large canvas upon which to pin text
slides, video clips and images. The finished product is leaps and bounds ahead
of PowerPoint in terms of style, engaging the attention of pupils who groan
with over-familiarity at seeing cheesy slide transitions on the whiteboard.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) enables students to
develop and apply skills, knowledge and understanding of ICT in their
composing, responding and presenting, and as part of the imaginative and
critical thinking they undertake in English.
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Senin, 16 Maret 2015
Summary of some articles on e-teachingweb
The Management
Information System (MIS) is prepare the students to excel professionally and
contribute meaningfully to the knowledge/information economy. That's why our
graduates regularly score the highest starting salaries of all of the business
concentrations and get jobs at great places like Google, Cisco, HP, Apple and
eBay. Information is the lifeblood of all organizations. The MIS Department is
distinguished by an award-winning team of instructors, spanning academic
research and industry experience.
Internet and
Web provide new forms of communication and make the demands for permanent
education, usage in classroom, cultural spreading, scientific education and
economic development. It is important to adequately use technology and internet
in the classroom and make sure that alienation doesn’t take place at any cost.
Electronic
commerce consists of
the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as
the Internet and other computer networks. The use of commerce is spurring and drawing
on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet
marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI),
inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. The Internet is a global system of
interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite
(TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that
consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government
networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of
electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. HTML which stands for Hyper
Text Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages.
HTML is the basic building-blocks of webpages.The purpose of a web
browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visual or audible web
pages. Without html, a website will not be informative,presentable and cannot
be recognized.
Hypermedia
refers to the presentation of video, animation, and audio, which are often
referred to as “dynamic” or “time based” content or as “multimedia.” Individual
chunks of information are usually referred to as documents or nodes,
and the connections between them as links
or hyperlinks the so-called node-link hypermedia model. A distinct
set of nodes and links which constitutes a logical entity or work is called a hyperdocument; a distinct subset of
hyperlinks is often called a hyperweb.
A source anchor is the starting
point of a hyperlink and specifies the part of a document from which an
outgoing link can be activated. A destination
anchor is the endpoint of a hyperlink and determines what part of a
document should be on view upon arrival at that node.
Multimedia is the field concerned with the
computer-controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, still and moving
images (Video), animation, audio, and any other media where every type of
information can be represented, stored, transmitted and processed digitally.
Those interested in multimedia can take on and work with a variety of media
forms to get their content across by combining media and content. This is an
exciting new field for those interested in computers, technology, and creative
career options. Multimedia can be accessed through computers or electronic
devices and integrates the various forms together. One example of multimedia
would be combining a website with video, audio, or text images.
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